Application of an amnion chorion amnion (ACA) four-layer placental allograft on a complex wound: a clinical experience case report

Authors

  • Dr Rajesh Iyengar Instacare Wound Care Author
  • Capri Reese Instacare Wound Care Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63676/fe4sxm48

Keywords:

CAMPs, pressure ulcer, pressure injury, amnion-chorion-amnion, wound covering, placental allograft

Abstract

Aims: Dehydrated four-layer placental amnion chorion amnion (ACA) allografts may be used as a protective barrier in wound care applications. Since cellular, acellular, and matrix-like products (CAMPs) have the potential to offer supportive measures as a wound cover from the surrounding environment, four-layer ACA allografts may serve as viable adjuncts to standard of care (SOC) for complex wounds. The objective of this case report was to evaluate the application of the allograft to a stage 4 sacral pressure wound for a paraplegic patient with significant comorbidities.

Case presentation: During home care wound services from the single provider group, data were collected from a patient who received SOC followed by application of ACApatchTM for 8 weeks. Evaluation measurements included percent area reduction (PAR), surface area (SA), and weekly changes in wound characteristics. Trends for SA, PAR, wound volume (WV) and percent wound volume (PVR) all depict the wound decreased in size as ACA applications continued. High R2 values for each, 0.92, 0.88, 0.90, 0.84 (respectively) depict a linear relationship underscoring the consistency and reliability of the observed trends across application duration.

Conclusions: Results suggest that four-layer placental allografts may be promising adjuncts to SOC for the management of complex wounds like pressure ulcers.

Author Biographies

  • Dr Rajesh Iyengar, Instacare Wound Care

    MD

  • Capri Reese, Instacare Wound Care

    ANP-BC

References

1. Mervis JS, Phillips TJ. Pressure ulcers: Pathophysiology, epidemiology, risk factors, and presentation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;81(4):881-890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2018.12.069

2. Zaidi SRH, Sharma S. Pressure Ulcer. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2025. Accessed September 29, 2025. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553107/

3. Afzali Borojeny L, Albatineh AN, Hasanpour Dehkordi A, Ghanei Gheshlagh R. The incidence of pressure ulcers and its associations in different wards of the hospital: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Prev Med. 2020;11(1). https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_182_19

4. Cowan LJ, Ahn H, Flores M, et al. Pressure ulcer prevalence by level of paralysis in patients with spinal cord injury in long-term care. Adv Skin Wound Care. 2019;32(3):122-130. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASW.0000553109.70752.bf

5. He B, Yang M, Wen B. Microgranular skin grafting for a sacral pressure injury: A case report. Cureus. 2025. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.87969

6. Kottner J, Cuddigan J, Carville K, et al. Pressure ulcer/injury classification today: An international perspective. J Tissue Viability. 2020;29(3):197-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtv.2020.04.003

7. Singh P, Easley A, Menchaca KT, et al. Comparative study of placental allografts with distinct layer composition. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26(7):3406. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073406

8. Bergstrom N, Braden BJ, Laguzza A, Holman V. The Braden Scale for predicting pressure sore risk. Nurs Res. 1987;36(4):205-210.

9. Kaiser MJ, Bauer JM, Ramsch C, et al. Validation of the Mini Nutritional Assessment short-form (MNA®-SF): A practical tool for identification of nutritional status. J Nutr Health Aging. 2009;13(9):782-788. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-009-0214-7

10. Guigoz Y. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) review of the literature--What does it tell us? J Nutr Health Aging. 2006;10(6):466-485

11. Rubenstein LZ, Harker JO, Salvà A, Guigoz Y, Vellas B. Screening for undernutrition in geriatric practice: developing the short-form mini-nutritional assessment (MNA-SF). J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(6):M366-372. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/56.6.m366

12. Vellas B, Villars H, Abellan G, et al. Overview of the MNA--Its history and challenges. J Nutr Health Aging. 2006;10(6):456-463

13. Hodge NE, Dahl CB, Liljenquist BB, Thomas EJ. Clinical experience depicting wound regression trends with carePATCH: a case series. J Wound Care. 2025:1-10. https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2025.0392

14. Mohammed YA, Farouk HK, Gbreel MI, et al. Human amniotic membrane products for patients with diabetic foot ulcers. do they help? a systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Foot Ankle Res. 2022;15(1):71. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13047-022-00575-y

15. Su Y, Zhao D, Li Y, et al. Human amniotic membrane allograft, a novel treatment for chronic diabetic foot ulcers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials. Int Wound J. 2020;17(3):753-764. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13318

16. Lakmal K, Basnayake O, Hettiarachchi D. Systematic review on the rational use of amniotic membrane allografts in diabetic foot ulcer treatment. BMC Surg. 2021;21(1):87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12893-021-01084-8

17. Bianchi C, Tettelbach W, Istwan N, et al. Variations in study outcomes relative to intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol data analysis techniques in the evaluation of efficacy for treatment of venous leg ulcers with dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane allograft. Int Wound J. 2019;16(3):761-767. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13094

18. Serena TE, Orgill DP, Armstrong DG, et al. A Multicenter, randomized, controlled, clinical trial evaluating dehydrated human amniotic membrane in the treatment of venous leg ulcers. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2022;150(5):1128-1136. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000009650

19. Marcus B. Treatment of large, complex, non-healing wounds with cryopreserved amniotic suspension allograft: a case series. J Wound Care. 2016;25(Sup10):S18-S24. https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2016.25.Sup10.S18

Published

2025-10-27

Data Availability Statement

The data that supports the findings of the manuscript may be available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request that takes into account patient privacy requirements.

How to Cite

Application of an amnion chorion amnion (ACA) four-layer placental allograft on a complex wound: a clinical experience case report. (2025). International Journal of Tissue Repair, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.63676/fe4sxm48